Dignostice Imaging Option - BSHS Degree Track                     (Single Field Major)

Health Care Management Option

Prosthetics Option (Single Field Major)

Physician Assistant Option - California                                    Licensed Track (Single Field Major)

Radiologic Technology Option (Single Field Major)

Professional Studies Option

Gerontology Option

Vanessa Parker Crockett, Coordinator, Undergraduate Studies

WH  A-330C (310) 243-2872

Ellen Hope-Kearns, Coordinator, Professional Studies Option

WH A-330H, (310) 243-3364

Scott Hornbeak, Coordinator, Prosthetics Option

WH A-385C, (310) 243-2700

Erna Wells, Coordinator, Radiologic Technology Option

WH A-330J, (310) 243-3364

Matthew Ting, Coordinator, Gerontology Option

WH A-310G, (310) 243-3881

Paula D'Amore, Fumiko Hosakawa, Pamela Krochalk, Margaret Parker, Sharon Raphael, Fun Sun, Timothy Staats

Program Office:  WH A-330, (310) 243-3748

Student Services Center - Advising

WH A-300, (310) 243-2120 or (800) 344-5484

Chi-Hua Hsiung, Amer El-Ahraf

Health Science offers a variety of programs including a major with different options leading to the Bachelor of Science in Health Science, a minor and a subject matter preparation program that partially fulfills the requirements for a Single Subject Teaching Credential in Health Science.

The Community Health Option is designed to provide students with the necessary interpersonal  skills and perspectives to function as effective community health workers in an urban population that is diverse ethnically, economically and demographically.

A student in this option will acquire oral and written communication skills needed to develop health education materials and gain
a basic understanding of public health problems and methods commonly used in studying these problems.  Registered Nurses and allied health care workers will be able to serve their patients more effectively by becoming knowledgeable about community health service agencies and public health policy at all levels of government.

Students majoring in this option also must complete the requirements for a minor.

The Health Care Management Option is designed to provide students with a general foundation in the principles and theories of management, the skills needed by frontline or middle level supervisors in a health care unit, an understanding of the organizational structure of the health care system, the financing of health care services in the United States, and knowledge of current health policies at local, state and federal levels. 

Students majoring in this option must complete requirements
for a minor.

The Prosthetics Option educates students to evaluate patients who are in need of artificial limbs (prostheses) or mechanical body supports (orthoses).  Formal instruction in prosthetics will educate students how to design appropriate prosthetic devices; to fit and fabricate the devices; and to provide follow-up care.  This practitioner level program is clinically affiliated with the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Long Beach, and is designed to produce professional level graduates.

Undergraduate students who plan to become prosthetists should choose this Option.  A student must have completed all of the required prerequisite courses before qualifying for admission to the Option; normally completing 56-70 lower division transferable units before admission.  The Option is a Single Field Major - no minor required.  Actual volunteer or working experience in an orthotics and prosthetics facility is an additional selection criteria.  After successful application and admission to the Prosthetics Option, the student spends their first three semesters completing lower division requirements and Health Science division core requirements.  These courses include two new courses, HEA 205, "Introduction to Orthotics and Prosthetics," and HEA 231, "Clinical Protocol in Orthotics and Prosthetics."  During this pre-clinical period, the student will undergo additional evaluation for technical aptitude, and may be required to obtain more volunteer experience in local facilities in order to prepare for the clinical courses.  The clinical portion of the program is twenty-six weeks in length, and will begin in August and January of every year.  The student accepted into the Prosthetics Option will take 31 units of upper division coursework, which includes a six week clinical rotation (Preceptorship) at the close of the formal courses.  Completion of the Prosthetics Option satisfies the total course requirements for the Bachelor's Degree in Health Science and also satisfies the educational requirements necessary to enter an accredited prosthetics residency.  The Health Science Degree, Prosthetics Option and the post graduate residency are accredited by the National Commission on Orthotic and Prosthetic Education (NCOPE).  Upon completion of the residency program, the student is eligible to take the prosthetics certification examination given by the American Board for Certification in Orthotics and Prosthetics.

 After the student has completed the BS Degree in Health Science, Prosthetics Option, they also have the opportunity to pursue Orthotic course work in an additional Orthotics Certificate Program offered in the College of Extended and International Education.  A separate application and supporting documents will be required for admission into this program after completion of the degree program. 

 Radiologic Technology Option

The Diagnostice Imaging - BSHS Degree Track option is scheduled for discontinuance.  Please see faculty advisor for additional information.

The Radiologic Technology Option is designed to accommodate the entering undergraduate or transfer student with an associate degree (AA or AS).  The program is offered in cooperation with the Harbor-UCLA Medical Center School of Radiologic Technology, which is currently accredited by the Joint Review Committee on Education for Radiologic Technologists and approved by the State of California Department of Education for Radiologic Technology training.  Upon completion of the program, students will be qualified to sit for the certification examinations given by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists and the Certification Board of the California Department of  Health Services.  Diagnostic Imaging - BSHS Degree Track  applicants must be currently certified as radiologic technologists in California (C.R.T.) to be admitted to the degree completion track for radiologic technologists.

The Health Care Management and Community Health Options are designed for currently practicing or potential health care personnel.  About half of the students are practicing registered nurses, respiratory therapists, and other health professionals.  Students may apply to one of the clinically related options:  the Physician Assistant Option; the Orthotics and Prosthetics Option; the Radiologic Technology Option.  Since nearly all of the students work during the day, most Health Science courses are offered in the late afternoon, evening or weekend and many meet only once a week.  To keep the Health Science programs contemporary, many
of the Health Science courses are taught by practicing professionals.

All students are urged to consult with advisors throughout their matriculation at CSU Dominguez Hills.  At the very least, advisors should be consulted for the following:

q Admission

q Career plans and choices

q Selection of options

q Variation in programs and/or “course substitution”

q Pre-registration advisement

q Filing for graduation

Advisement is available through the  College of Health and Human Services Student Services Center at 1-800-344-5484.

Students interested in Health Care Management or Community Health may complete their lower division general education, preferably with an associate of science degree, before coming to
CSU Dominguez Hills. Those students who are interested in the clinically related options should have a strong science background
in high school and should have completed most of the lower division prerequisite courses for the option before entering the Health Science program. For clinical options, some direct care experience is recommended.

If students have completed a clinical program for which they did not receive academic credit,  they may be granted credit for that education.  Please consult the Health Science Office for details. 
The credits obtained for a clinical program may be applied as lower division elective credits toward the Bachelor of Science Degree in Health Science only.

Only a limited number of students can be accommodated in
the clinical options.   In addition to filing a completed application
to the university, students must also complete the desired option application form to be considered for admission.  Admission to
these clinical options is not automatically ensured by meeting academic requirements, nor does admission to CSU Dominguez Hills as a Health Science Major guarantee acceptance into individual programs.

An undergraduate student may be a candidate for graduation with honors in Health Science provided s/he meet the following criteria:

1.   A minimum of 36 units in residence at CSU Dominguez Hills;

2.   A minimum grade point average of at least 3.5 in courses used to satisfy the upper division requirements in the major;

3.   Recommendation by the Health Science faculty.

Students who achieve honors in Health Science will have the information recorded on their transcripts and diplomas.

Due to the limited laboratory space, only 16 students can be accommodated in the Prosthetics Option. Admission to the option, therefore, is not automatically ensured by meeting the University admission requirements, nor does admission to CSU Dominguez Hills as a Health Science Major guarantee acceptance to the program.  The admission criteria and application procedures for the option are discussed below.

To be eligible for consideration as a candidate in this option,
an applicant must meet the following minimum requirements:

A.  Completion of all lower division required courses with a grade of “C” or better (as listed in the program description section) and the completion of two years lower division course work.

B.  Facility with hand tools and light duty power equipment.

C.  Successful completion of all Orthotic and Prosthetic option prerequisite courses as listed in the Major Requirements for the B.S. in Health Science, Orthotics and Prosthetics option with a grade of "C" or better.

D.  A program application and subsequent interview by a panel consisting of orthotics and prosthetics faulty.  Send completed O & P applications to:

          California State University, Dominguez Hills

          College of Health and Human Services

          Division of Health Science:  O & P Program

          1000 E. Victoria Street                                                                            Carson, CA 90747 

          (310) 243-2120 or (800) 344-5484

Please note:  Deadlines are subject to change without notification.  Check with the Health Science Office for the deadlines of the current application cycle.

To be eligible for consideration as a candidate in this option,
an applicant must meet the following minimum requirements:

A.  Completion of all lower division required courses.  A grade of “C” or better in each course is required.  The completion of 56-70 units of lower division course work is highly recommended before application to the program.

B.  Applicants meeting the above requirements must be willing to be interviewed by Harbor-UCLA faculty and Health Science program faculty.

C.  Applicants must submit two separate applications, with supporting documents to Harbor-UCLA School of Radiologic Technology and to CSU Dominguez Hills.

D.  Applications and supporting documents to Harbor-UCLA School of Radiologic Technology must be received by April 1 of each year.  Applications received after April 1 will be considered for the next year.  Applications for admission to CSU Dominguez Hills may be obtained by writing or calling the Office of Admissions, with completed applications returned to:

            Office of Admissions                                                                              California State University, Dominguez Hills                                        1000 East Victoria Street                                                                 Carson, CA   90747                                (310) 243-3645

Applications to the clinical program may be obtained by writing or calling the School of Radiologic Technology at Harbor-UCLA, with completed applications returned to:

            Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center                             School of Radiologic Technology                                                           Box 27                                                                                                            1000 West Carson Street                                                                        Torrance, CA 90509      (310) 222-2825

The Diagnostice Imaging - BSHS Degree Track option is scheduled for discontinuance.  Please see a faculty advisor for additional information.

Applicants must be currently certified as radiologic technologists in California (C.R.T.) to be admitted to the degree completion track for radiologic technologists.

Upon completion of the B.S. in Health Science, graduates of any option will be able to fulfill the following overall program objectives.

Objective 1:  Demonstrate integration of principles from basic skills, natural, behavioral and computer sciences with the health science core; apply resulting skills and knowledge to personal health, health education and health care practice.

Faculty Assessment Strategies:  Review transcripts for required prerequisite courses with grade of C or higher; faculty observation and input regarding writing, speaking, critical thinking and interpersonal skills; use of written and classroom assessment for health science content.

Objective 2:  Identify historical trends, issues and problems of U.S. health care delivery systems by applying Standards of Measure; propose solutions to health care delivery problems with social and financial implications.

Faculty Assessment Strategies:  Classroom discussions; oral reports; written term papers and essay examinations.

Objective 3:  Demonstrate ability to apply logic and rational thinking to inquiry in Health Science research; demonstrate relevance of health science data to decision making.

Faculty Assessment Strategies:  Written critique of a recent health science research article; oral responses to classroom discussions; written examinations; evaluation of original written research proposal in the health sciences.

Objective 4:  Analyze the nature, transmission and control of disease from a public health perspective and apply these principles to health care planning.

Faculty Assessment Strategies:  Responses to classroom discussions; student reports and responses to guest speakers; written examinations; term paper from current literature.

Objective 5:  Analyze and apply current concepts of the behavioral sciences to the health field, with specific application to ethnically and culturally diverse, urban populations, especially in relation to specific disease.

Faculty Assessment Strategies:  Student presented case studies; group role playing; written papers and examinations.

Objective 6:  Identify and synthesize key principles, theories and skills of interpersonal and group processes in health techniques of interviewing, small group dynamics, crisis intervention and interpersonal management skills in ethnically and culturally diverse urban settings.

Faculty Assessment Strategies:  Student observations and analyses of selected group's interventions; individual consultations with instructor; group observation paper; presentation of docudrama; written essay examination.

Objective 7:  Identify the underlying causes and pathologic processes of disease in organ systems of the human body; propose possible treatments and prognoses related to specified diagnoses.

Faculty Assessment Strategies:  Evaluation of oral reports of case studies, video tapes and other audio visual aids; class discussions; written papers and examinations with objectives.

Objective 8:  Demonstrate integration of current management concepts, issues and skills required in a health unit; apply concepts and skills to the areas of health care personnel, finance, equipment supplies and facilities' management, emphasizing interpersonal communication contacts and personnel problem solving techniques.

Faculty Assessment Strategies:  Responses to cases,  classroom discussions; group drama illustrating principles; written "thought paper"; written examinations.

Objective 9:  Develop and improve reading, writing, speaking critical thinking, analytical, interpersonal and content skills, as applied to the multiracial, multiethnic, urban and suburban populations served by health organizations.

Faculty Assessment Strategies:  In all courses, assess students' classroom discussions and oral reports; responses to audio-visual aids; written term papers; written and oral reports from volunteer community project coordinators; written examinations and practical examinations to answer the question:  Have students mastered the Objectives?

See the "Requirements for the Bachelor's Degree" in the University Catalog for complete details on general degree requirements.  A minimum of 40 units, including those required for the major, must be upper division. 

Completion of elective courses (beyond the requirements listed below) to reach a total of a minimum of 120 or a maximum of  132 units.

See the "General Education" requirements in the University Catalog or the Class Schedule for the most current information on General Education requirements and course offerings.

See the "Graduation Writing Assessment Requirement" in the University Catalog.

Students completing this major with the Community Health option or the Health Care Management option will need to complete a minor in another field.

Students must select one of the options listed.  The following courses, or their approved transfer equivalents, are required of all candidates for this degree.

A Major in Health Science consists of lower division required courses, upper division core courses and lower and upper division courses in an option.  The upper division core courses are common to all Health Science Majors.  The lower division required courses and the lower and upper division option courses vary with the option chosen.   All Health Science majors, all options, must take the following core courses:

Common Core Requirements (28 units)

A.  Lower Division Required Courses  (13 units)

BIO 250.       Elements of Human Anatomy and Physiology (3)

BIO 251.       Elements of Human Anatomy
and Physiology Laboratory (1)

CSC 101.      Introduction to Computer Education (3)

HSC 201.      Health Care Systems and Perspectives (3)

MAT 131.    Elementary Statistics and Probability (3)

 

NOTE:  Students are advised to take MAT 131 to meet both the General Education quantitative reasoning requirement and the Health Science lower division requirement.

B.  Upper Division Requirements  (15 units)

1.   Required Course (3 units)

HSC 492.        Research Methods in Health Sciences (3)

2.   Select four courses from the following (12 units):

HEA 312.       Introduction to Public Health (3)

HEA 314.       Health Behavior (3)

HEA 315.       Interpersonal Skills in
Health Communication (3)

HEA 318.       Health Resources Management (3)

HEA 317.       Pathophysiology for Orthotics & Prosthetics  (3)  (for O & P students only) or

HSC 308.       Pathophysiology for Health Professions (3)

A Student selecting the Health Care Management or Community Health Option must also satisfy the requirement of a minor field.  The minor should be selected in consultation with an advisor with the goal of contributing to one’s career objectives and personal growth.

The recommended minors for the Health Science Major are: biology, business administration, economics, psychology, public administration, sociology.

In addition to the common core requirements, all Health Science majors must choose one of the following options:

Students completing this major will need to complete a minor
in another field.

A.  Common Core Requirements (28 units)

B.  Upper Division Required Courses (9 units)

HEA 460.     Community Health Agencies (3)

HEA 468.     Multicultural Health (3)

HEA 490.     Health Science Senior Seminar (3)

C.  Select three courses from the following (9 units):

BIO  374.      Drug Abuse (3)

BIO  386.      Human Aging (3)

HEA  466.    Environmental Health Problems (3)

HEA  474.    Seminar in Health Care Ethics (3)

HSC  495.     Special Topics in Health Sciences  (1-3)*

PSY   353.     The Experience of Death and Dying: Psychological Perspectives (3)

PUB  373.     Health Policy (3)

*NOTE:  When taking HSC 495.  Special Topics in Health Sciences, please consult a Health Science advisor.  HSC 495 may be taken more than once, if the topic is different.

A.  Common Core Requirements (28 units)

B.  Upper Division Required Courses (9 units)

HEA  472.    Survey of Health Care Finance (3)

HEA  474.    Seminar in Health Care Ethics (3)

HEA  490.    Health Science Senior Seminar (3)

C.  Select three courses from the following (9 units):

HEA  466.    Environmental Health Problems (3)

HEA 468.     Multicultural Health (3)

HEA  470.    Legal Issues in the Health Science (3)

HSC  491.     Management Skills in Health Sciences (3)

HSC  495.     Special Topics in Health Sciences  (1-3)*

PUB  301.     Administrative Leadership and Behavior (3)

PUB  303.     Public Personnel Administration (3) 

PUB  371.     Health Services Administration (3)

PUB  373.     Health Policy (3)

*NOTE:  When taking HSC 495.  Special Topics in Health Sciences, please consult a health science advisor.  HSC 495 may be taken more than once, if the topic is different.

Single field major - no minor required

Students who plan to apply to this option, should have completed 54-60 lower division transferable units.  Students who plan to enter the prosthetics option are advised to select lower division General Education courses which also meet the requirements listed below, or equivalents.

A.  Prerequisites or equivalents

BIO 102.       General Biology (3)*

BIO 250.       Elements of Human Anatomy and Physiology (3)

BIO 251.       Elements of Human Anatomy
and Physiology Laboratory (1)

CHE 102.      Chemistry for the Citizen  (3)* or

CHE 110.    General Chemistry I (5)

MAT 153.    College Algebra and Trigonometry (4)*

PHY 120.      Elements of Physics I (4)

PSY 101.       Understanding Human Behavior (3)*

CSC 101.      Introduction to Computer Education (3)

*NOTE:  These courses qualify for credit in General Education.

B.  Common Core Requirements (27 units)

Must include HEA 317, Pathophysiology for Orthotics and Prosthetics

C.  Lower Division Required Courses  (7 units)

HEA 205.     Introduction to Orthotics and Prosthetics (3)

HEA 231.     Clinical Protocol in Orthotics and Prosthetics (3)

HEA 250.     Normal and Pathological Gait (1)**

D.  Upper Division Required Courses  (30 units)

HEA 335.     Orthotics and Prosthetics Practice Management (2)**

HEA 345.     Biomechanics and Kinesiology for Orthotics and Prosthetics (2)**

HEA 350.     Below Knee Prosthetics I (3)**

HEA 352.     Below Knee Prosthetics II (3)**

HEA 354.     Above Knee Prosthetics I (3)**

HEA 355.     Material Science and Applied Anatomy in Orthotics and Prosthetics (4)**

HEA 450.     Upper Limb Prosthetics (3)**

HEA 452.     Above Knee Prosthetics II (3)**

HEA 493.     Preceptorship in Orthotics and Prosthetics (3)**

HSC 498.      Directed Research in Health Sciences (1)**

KIN 301.       Kinesiology (3)

*NOTE:  ** Indicates these courses are taken off-site; registration in Extended Education.

A.  Prerequisites or equivalents

BIO 250.       Elements of Human Anatomy and Physiology  (3)

BIO 251.       Elements of Human Anatomy
and Physiology Laboratory (1)

ENG 110.      Freshman Composition I (3)*

ENG 111.      Freshman Composition II (3)*

PSY 101.       Understanding Human Behavior (3)* or

SOC 101.     The Individual in Society (3)*

ANT 100.     Introduction to Cultures (3)*

PHY 100.      Patterns in Nature (3)* or

PHY 106.      Physical Science (3)* or

PHY 120.      Elements of Physics I (4)*

CHE 110.      General Chemistry I (5)*

NOTE:  *These courses qualify for credit in General Education.

B.  Common Core Requirements (28 units)

C.  Lower Division Required Courses  (3 units)

HEA 280.     Orientation and Elementary Radiation Protection (1)

HEA 281.     Medical Terminology: Radiology (1)

HEA 287.     Clinical Practicum I  (1)

D.  Upper Division Required Courses  (39 units)

HEA 380.     Darkroom Chemistry and Techniques (1)

HEA 381.     Patient Care Procedures Related to Radiology (2)

HEA 382.     Principles of Radiographic Exposure (3)

HEA 383.     Common Radiographic Procedures
Using Contrast Media (2)

HEA 384.     Topographic Anatomy & Positioning I (3)

HEA 385.     Radiation Protection (3)

HEA 387.     Clinical Practicum II (3)

HEA 388.     Clinical Practicum III (3)

HEA 480.     Radiologic Physics (2)

HEA 481.     Topographic Anatomy & Positioning II (3)

HEA 482.     Special Radiographic Procedures (2)

HEA 483.     Subspecialities in Radiology (2)

HEA 485.     Departmental Administrative
and Office Procedures, Computer Literacy  (1)

HEA 487.     Clinical Practicum IV (1)

HEA 488.     Clinical Practicum V (3)

HEA 489.     Clinical Practicum VI (3)

HEA 499.     Senior Research Project in Radiology (1,1)

The Diagnostice Imaging - BSHS Degree Track option is scheduled for discontinuance.  Please see a faculty advisor for additional information.

A.  Recommended Prerequisites or Equivalents

BIO 250.       Elements of Human Anatomy and Physiology (3)

BIO 251.       Elements of Human Anatomy
and Physiology Laboratory (1)

ENG 110.      Freshman Composition I (3)*

ENG 111.      Freshman Composition II (3)*

PSY 101.       Understanding Human Behavior (3)* or

SOC 101.     The Individual in Society (3)*

ANT 100.     Introduction to Cultures (3)*

PHY 100.      Patterns in Nature (3)* or

PHY 106.      Physical Science (3)* or

PHY 120.      Elements of Physics I (4)*

CHE 110.      General Chemistry I (5)*

NOTE:  *These courses qualify for credit in General Education.

B.  Common Core Requirements (28 units)

The following courses will be taught by review and testing.

C.  Lower Division Required Courses  (3 units)

HEA 280.     Orientation and Elementary Radiation Protection (1)

HEA 281.     Medical Terminology: Radiology (1)

HEA 287.     Clinical Practicum I  (1)

D.  Upper Division Required Courses  (39 units)

HEA 380.     Darkroom Chemistry and Techniques (1)

HEA 381.     Patient Care Procedures Related to Radiology (2)

HEA 382.     Principles of Radiographic Exposure (3)

HEA 383.     Common Radiographic
Procedures Using Contrast Media (2)

HEA 384.     Topographic Anatomy & Positioning I (3)

HEA 385.     Radiation Protection (3)

HEA 387.     Clinical Practicum II (3)

HEA 388.     Clinical Practicum III (3)

HEA 371.     Radiologic Technology Legal
Perspectives and Professional Review (1)

HEA 372.     Radiologic Technology  Historical and Philosophical Perspectives and Professional Review (1)

HEA 373.     Radiologic Technology Ethical
Perspectives and Professional Review (1)

HEA 374.     Radiologic Technology Political and Social Perspectives and Professional Review (1)

HEA 375.     Radiologic Technology Future
Perspectives and Professional Review (1)

HEA 480.     Radiologic Physics (2)

HEA 481.     Topographic Anatomy & Positioning II (3)

HEA 482.     Special Radiographic Procedures (2)

HEA 483.     Subspecialities in Radiology (2)

HEA 485.     Departmental Administrative
and Office Procedures, Computer Literacy  (1)

HEA 487.     Clinical Practicum IV (1)

HEA 488.     Clinical Practicum V (3)

HEA 489.     Clinical Practicum VI (3)

HEA 499.     Senior Research Project in Radiology (1,1)

The Minor in Health Science is designed for students majoring in another field that can be strengthened with a solid background in Health Science.

A.  Lower Division Required Courses  (3 units)

BIO 250.       Elements of Human Anatomy and Physiology (3) 

B.  Additional Required Courses  (12 units)

1.   Select three courses from the following (9 units):

HEA 312.       Introduction to Public Health (3)

HEA 314.       Health Behavior (3)

HEA 315.       Interpersonal Skills in
Health Communication (3)

HSC 201.        Health Care Systems and Perspectives (3)

HSC 308.        Pathophysiology in Health Professions (3)

2.   Select one course from the following (3 units):

HEA 460.       Community Health Agencies (3)

HEA 466.       Environmental Health Problems (3)

HEA 470.       Legal Issues in Health Sciences (3)

HEA 472.       Survey of Health Care Finance (3)

Students must submit an application to the University for admission (or readmission) with graduate standing, and official transcripts of previous college work in accordance with the procedures outlined in the “Admissions” section of the University Catalog. 

The student will qualify for admission to the program if he/she:

1.   has a baccalaureate degree from an accredited university.  (See the University Catalog for requirements of graduates
of non-accredited institutions.);

2.   has met the TOEFL requirement with a score of 575 or above on the written test or a minimum score of 213 on the computer based test;

3.   has a grade point average of at least 3.0 (4.00 scale) in his/her last 60 semester units of upper division course work; lower division courses taken after obtaining the bachelor's degree and extension courses, (except CSU Dominguez Hills upper division resident extension courses or the equivalent on another campus), will be excluded from the calculation; and

4.   is in good standing at the last college attended.

Graduate Classified Standing

Only those applicants who show promise of success will be admitted to the graduate program, and only those who continue to demonstrate a satisfactory level of scholastic competence and fitness shall be eligible to proceed in the curriculum.  To receive Graduate Classified Standing, i.e. to be admitted to the Master of Science in Health Sciences, Physician Assistant option, a student must have completed the admission requirements previously stated.

Graduate Conditionally Classified Standing

This standing allows students who are potentially eligible for admission, but have some deficiencies, to enroll in the graduate program.  A student is admitted in this category if, in the opinion
of the program's graduate coordinator, he/she can remedy any deficiencies in prerequisite preparation by specified additional work.

Graduation Writing Assessment Requirement

All graduate students entering the University in the Fall of 1983 or thereafter are required to satisfy the Graduation Writing Assessment Requirement (GWAR) in accordance with the established policies of the University.  Students must satisfy the requirement before being Advanced to Candidacy.  (See the  "Graduation Writing Assessment Requirement" section of the University Catalog.)

Advancement to Candidacy

Upon completion of the second semester after admission, or
22 units of approved coursework, the student must complete the Graduation Advisement and Advancement to Candidacy Form. 
To be Advanced to Candidacy, the student must have:

1.   achieved Graduate Classified Standing;

2.   maintained a grade point average of 3.0 or better in all graduate coursework to be used for the degree;

3.   completed the Graduation Writing Assessment Requirement (GWAR);

4.   completed the Graduation Advisement and Advancement to Candidacy forms in consultation with the graduate coordinator; and

5.   applied and paid graduation fees.

Continuing Student Status

Students must maintain continuous enrollment throughout their time in the graduate program.  Students who miss a semester will have to reapply to the university and to the program, and may find that some previous coursework may not be recognized.  (Students should consult the graduate admission regulations in the Graduate Degree section of the University Catalog concerning credit for transfer graduate work).  Students who are unable to attend the University for one semester should enroll in a Graduate continuation Course, HSC 600 or CLS 600, to maintain continuous enrollment.  Students must be enrolled in the semester they graduate.

Course Currency Requirement

Students have a maximum of only five years to complete all graduation requirements, including all coursework, examinations, and thesis or project.  Course work that does not meet the five-year deadline will have to be repeated or replaced by other courses with the approval of the program coordinator.

Students must select one of the options listed. 

The Professional Studies option is for health practitioners who wish to expand their role function to include management, teaching, or research.  Students select one of these areas for in-depth study based on course work and practicum.

In addition to meeting the general admission requirements for the Master of Science in Health Sciences program, a student applying to the Professional Studies option must have or be eligible for a U.S. recognized credential and/or license in one of the health professions.

A.  Required Courses (20 units)

HSC 500.      Health Care Leadership and Management (3)

HSC 501.      Advanced Research Methods in Health Science (3)

HSC 504.      Health Policy and Administration for Health Professionals  (3)

HSC 508.      Ethical Issues in Health Care Management (3)

HSC 509.      Communication and Group Dynamics                  in Healthcare  (3)

HSC 596.      Practicum in Professional Studies (3)

HSC 598.      Directed Research (1,1)

B.  Track Courses (12 units)

Select one of the following tracks:

1.  Management Track

HSC 512.        Principles of Managed Care (3)

HSC 515.        Organizational Theory and Behavior (3)

HSC 518.        Finance and Cost Accounting (3)

HSC 530.        Healthcare Strategic Planning                        and Marketing (3)

2.  Education Track

HSC 502.        Principles of Epidemiology (3)

HSC 503.        Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (3)

HSC 505.        Teaching Strategies for Health                      Professionals (3)

HSC 507.        Measurement and Assessment in Health Professions Education (3)

3.  Research Track

CLS 504.         Data Collection and Processing (3)

HSC 506.        Critical Assessment of Health Science Literature (3)

HSC 521.        Compliance, Health Law and Research (3)

HSC 524.        Health Science Research and                         Funded Projects (3)

C.  Thesis or Project (1)

HSC 599.      Capstone Activity (1)

Students must write a thesis or conduct a special project as the culminating experience for awarding the degree Master of Science in Health Science.  A student may request to write a thesis or to conduct a special project culminating in a significant written report to satisfy the HSC 598 Directed Research requirement.  The topic of the research or the special project must be approved in advance and supervised by the chair of the thesis or project committee.  Theses and projects must be approved in advance of enrollment in HSC 598.  An oral presentation and discussion of the thesis/project is required as part of the HSC 599 Graduate Capstone Activity course.

D.  Continuous Enrollment

See "Readmission of Former Students" in the  Graduate                Degrees and Postbaccalaureate Studies section of the University Catalog for complete details.

The Gerontology option prepares individuals for beginning and mid-career positions in a variety of settings that serve an aging population.  The Gerontology option addresses theories, best practices, social policy and research relating to care of the aged.

Admission Requirements

1.   Individuals with a Bachlor's degree in any major and a GPA of 3.2 or above in the last 60 semester or 90 quarter units of upper division coursework from any accredited college or university may apply.

2.   Applicants must sumbit the CSU graduate admission application by May 1 for admissing in the subsequent fall semester, or November 1 for spring semester.

3.   A professional resume (send directly to the program).

4.   A 500-word biographical essay that addresses (a) what is the applicant's personal interest in Gerontology; (b) why the applicant desires this degree; and, (c) what the applicant plans to do with this degree once obtained (send directly to the program).

5.   Two letters of reference (send directly to the program).

Program Requirements

Students must complete the program with a GPA of at least 3.2.  All courses taken to fulfill the requirements for the master's degree must be passed with a grade of "C" or better.  All other university requirements for the master's degree in this University Catalog must be met (see the Graduate Degrees and Postbaccalaureate Studies section).

Capstone Activities

Degree students must complete a thesis, a directed project or pass a comprehensive exam.  A thesis or project is carried out under the supervision of three faculty members, including the chair.  A thesis involves systematic study of a significant problem utilizing a recognized research methodology.  A project involves creative application of theory or practice to a problem related to gerontology.  A thesis or project must be approved in advance of enrolling in GRN 599.  The comprehensive exam is divided into two parts: a preparation period and the actual exam.  The exam will be given over a six hour period once a year, usually in the spring semester.  Students should register for the exam by the second week of the semester.  Up to 6 semester units may be awarded for the thesis, project or the comprehensive exam.

Incomplete Courses

Students will not be permitted to enroll in new courses if they have two or more incomplete courses on their record.  All other university rules about incomplete courses also apply.

Graduation

Students must complete the graduation application and program approval forms according to the deadlines given in the graduate section of this catalog:  "Application for Graduation."

Advising

Faculty members are available during stated office hours to offer advising on all aspects of the academic program.

Student Organizations

The Student Alumni Gerontology Association (SAGA) provides an opportunity for both current students and alumni of the Gerontology option to network and exchange information aobut the profession.  Sigma Pi Omega is the national honor society for student gerontologists.

A.  Required Courses (21 units)

HSC 501.      Advanced Research Methods in Health Science (3)

HSC 515.      Organizational Theory and Behavior (3)

GRN 514.      Introduction to Social Gerontology (3)

GRN 550.      Theories of Gerontology (3)

GRN 563.      Community Services for the Older Adult (3)

GRN 569.      Internship in Gerontology (3,3)

B.  Electives: select 3-4 courses from the following (9-12 units)

GRN 541.      The older Woman: Aging and Health Issues (3)

GRN 543.      Lesbian and Gay Aging and Health Issues (3)

GRN 555.      Social policy and Economics of Aging (3)

GRN 558.      Life Options and Retirement Planning (3)

GRN 561.      Seminar in Aging: Minorities and Special Groups (3)

GRN 562.      Counseling the Older Adult (3)

GRN 564.      Nutrition and the Mature Adult (3)

GRN 565.      Long-Term Care for the Older Person (3)

GRN 567.      Death and Dying (3)

GRN 595.      Special Topics in Gerontology (3)

C.  Capstone: select one course from the following (3)

GRN 597.      Directed Reading in Gerontology (3)

GRN 598.      Directed Research in Gerontology (1-3)

GRN 599.      Thesis or Project in Gerontology (3)

NOTE:  Students electing to take the comprehensive examination will need to complete 12 units of elective courses and GRN 597.  Students completing a thesis or project need only 9 units of electives and GRN 599.

The credit value for each course in semester units is indicated for each term by a number in parentheses following the title.  For course availability, please see the list of tentative course offerings in the current Class Schedule.

HEA 100   Health and Lifestyles (3).

To familiarize the student with relationships among the physical, social and psychological aspects of health, which include:  self-care, prevention and analysis of personal health problems through participation in self-assessment techniques. Topics include the relationship of lifestyles to nutrition, stress, physical fitness, death and dying,
and mental illness. 

HEA 205   Introduction to Orthotics and Prosthetics (3).

Prerequisites:  BIO 250 and BIO 251, or consent of instructor.

Examination of the history and current state of O & P services.  Review of methods, materials, and biomechanics.  Overview of lower and upper limb prosthetics and orthotics, and spinal orthotics.  ADA and the meaning of disability.  Professional ethics, qualifications and certification.

HEA 231   Clinical Protocols in Orthotics and Prosthetics (3).

Prerequisite:  HEA 205. Co-requisite:  HEA 317

O&P evaluation and treatment concepts; history, diagnosis, prescription, physical examination, assessment, plan and education.  Overview of surface anatomy.  Causes of amputation, amputation surgery, and post-op protocols.  Patient-practitioner interaction and communication.  Introduction to taking impressions and model preparation.

HEA 250   Normal and Pathological
Gait (1).

Prerequisite:  BIO 250 and BIO 251

Learn to recognize gait and postural deviations, determine cause and suggest mechanical remedies.  Students will evaluate patients and videotapes, review EMG and force plate recordings, compare results of surgery, therapy, and mechanical aids. 
Fee required.

HEA 280   Orientation and Elementary Radiation Protection (1).

Prerequisite:  Admission to the Radiologic Technology Option.

Orientation to applied medicine, hospitals and radiology departments.  Introduces students to overall view of radiology and ethical principles.  Basic radiation protection instruction to allow students to begin the clinical practicum. 

HEA 281   Medical Terminology:                          Radiology (1).

Prerequisite:  Admission to the Radiologic Technology Option.

Programmed approach to general medical terminology with emphasis on radiology and applied specialties.  Review of common medical terms, prefixes, suffixes and roots. 

HEA 287   Clinical Practicum I (1).

Prerequisite:  Admission to the Radiologic Technology Option.

Supervised Clinical rotations through support areas of radiology department: filerooms, darkrooms, patient transport
and scheduling.  Introduction to hospital environment and health care team. 
Film critiques.  Practicum 280 hours.

HEA 300   Health in Public
Education (2).

Prerequisite:  HEA 100 or equivalent is recommended. 

Health education required course for the professional multiple or single-subject, clear credential teaching applicants.  Covers all topics designated in the Health Framework for California, including personal health, family health, nutrition, the physiological and sociological effects of substance abuse, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and child abuse.

HEA 312   Introduction to
Public    Health (3).

Prerequisite: HSC 492. 

Nature, transmission, and control of disease from a public health perspective:  Historical background, current problems, trends in prevention and control, and applications
to health care planning. Students must demonstrate proficiency in the English language by successfully completing oral and written assignments. 

HEA 314   Health Behavior (3).

Current concepts of the behavioral sciences in the health field with specific application to ethnically and culturally diverse urban communities.  Students must demonstrate proficiency in the English language by successfully completing oral and written assignments. 

HEA 315   Interpersonal Skills in
Health Communication (3).

Fundamentals, principles, and skills of interpersonal and group processes in health related occupations.  Special emphasis on theory and techniques of interviewing, small group dynamics, crisis intervention and interpersonal management skills in ethnically and culturally diverse urban settings.  Students must demonstrate proficiency in the English language by successfully completing oral and written assignments. 

HEA 317   Pathophysiology for Orthotics and Prosthetics (3).

Prerequisites:  HEA 205; Co-Requisite:  HEA 231.

A study of the etiology, clinical signs and symptoms, treatments, prognosis, and social implications of pathological conditions that affect the neurological, musculoskeletal, and vascular systems and that require orthotic/prosthetic intervention:  low back pain, scoliosis, spinal injury, arthritis, stroke, trauma, and diabetes. Fee required.

HEA 318   Health Resources                  Management (3).

Prerequisite: HSC 201. 

Concepts, issues, and skills in administration and management of a health care unit, including personnel, finances, equipment, supplies, and facilities.  Students must demonstrate proficiency in the English language by successfully completing oral and written assignments. 

HEA 335   Orthotic and Prosthetic Practice Management (2).

Prerequisites:  Admission to the Orthotics and Prosthetics Option.

Course will address practice management issues in the O&P office.  It includes ABC Canon of Ethics, professionalism, cultural diversity, patient interviews, medical documentation, rehabilitation team practices, HCFA billing system, letters of medical necessity, HMO contracts, O&P cost economics, and marketing.  Students must demonstrate proficiency in the English language by successfully completing oral and written assignments. Fee required.

HEA 340   Lower Limb Orthotics I
(3).

Prerequisites:  Consent of instructor; admission
to Orthotics/Prosthetics option.

Patient evaluation, prescription recommendation; orthoses measurement, fabrication and fitting.  Lower limb biomechanics, gait analysis, and motor disability.  Fabrication and fitting of several orthoses including arch support, UCBL foot orthoses, and ankle-foot orthoses (metal, plastic and patellar-tendon bearing).  Two hours of lecture and two hours of activity per week.  Fee required.

HEA 342   Lower Limb Orthotics II                      (3).

Prerequisite:  HEA 340.

Continuation of HEA 340.  Patient evaluation, prescription recommendations, orthoses measurement, lower limb biomechanics, gait analysis, and motor disability.  Fabrication and fitting of several knee-ankle-foot orthoses.  Two hours of lecture and two hours of activity per week. 
Fee required.

HEA 344   Spinal Orthotics (3).

Prerequisite:  Consent of instructor.

Admission to Orthotics/Prosthetics option. Patient evaluation, prescription recommendation, orthosis measurement, fabrication and fitting.  Spinal biomechanics and motor disability.  Fitting of several orthoses, including lumbo-sacral, thoraco-lumbo-sacral, and cervical types. Fabrication of at least five orthoses.  Two hours of lecture and two hours of activity per week.  Fee required.

HEA 350   Below Knee Prosthetics I
(3).

Prerequisite:  HEA 250. 

Fabrication, fitting, and dynamic alignment of patellar-tendon bearing prostheses.  All fittings include test sockets, bench, static and dynamic alignments.  Four sockets completed using PTB and PTS designs.  Medical management, prescription considerations.  One completed below-knee prosthesis.  Two hours of lecture and two hours of activity per week.  Fee required.

HEA 352   Below Knee Prosthetics II   
(3).

Prerequisite:  HEA 350.

Fabrication, fitting, and dynamic alignment of patellar-tendon bearing prostheses.  All fittings include test sockets, bench, static and dynamic alignments.  Four sockets completed using PTB and PTS designs.  Medical management, prescription considerations.  One completed below-knee prosthesis.  Two hours of lecture and two hours of activity per week.  Fee required.

HEA 354   Above Knee Prosthetics I
(3).

Prerequisite:  HEA 352.

Casting, measurement, transparent test socket fitting, bench, static and dynamic alignments, and methods for evaluation
of proper fit.  Fitting of two quadrilateral sockets including suction and pelvic suspension.  Demonstration of endoskeletal and exoskeletal above knee systems.  Two hours of lecture and two hours of activity per week.  Fee required.

HEA 355   Material Science and Applied Anatomy in Orthotics and Prosthetics (4).

Prerequisites:  HEA 205 and HEA 231.

Principles of stress, strain, Young's modulus.  Plastic and metal strength characteristics.  Polymer chemistry and mechanical properties of plastics.  Selection of appropriate orthotic/prosthetic materials and components based on mechanical goals.  Tissue interfaces.  Muscle and joint structure and function, and relationship to prosthetic and orthotic interventions.

HEA 371  Radiologic Technology Legal Perspectives  and Review (1).   

Prerequisite:  Admission to Radiologic Technology Option - CRT.

Explores the foundations of the radiologic technology profession from legal perspective and coordinates study of current issues, theories and techniques related to health care delivery; principles of dark room technology and radiation protection, and medical terminology.

HEA 372   Radiologic Technology Historical and Philosophical Perspective and Professional Review (1).  

Prerequisite:  Admission to Radiologic Technology Option - CRT.

Explores the foundations of the radiologic technology profession from historical and philosophical perspectives and coordinates study of current issues, theories and techniques related to concepts and practice of fundamental patient care, radiologic exposure and routine radiologic procedures. 

HEA 373   Radiologic Technology Ethical Perspectives and Professional Review (1). 

Prerequisite:  Admission to Radiologic Technology Option - CRT.

Explores the foundations of the radiologic technology profession from an ethical perspective and coordinates study of current issues, theories and techniques related to radiographic procedures using contrast media, topographic anatomy and positioning, and routine fluoroscopic procedures. 

HEA 374   Radiologic Technology Political and Social Perspectives and Professional Review (1). 

Prerequisite:  Admission to Radiologic Technology Option - CRT.

Explores the foundations of the radiologic technology profession from a political and social perspective and coordinates study of current issues, theories and techniques related to radiation protection and federal and state regulations, radiologic physics, topographic anatomy and positioning, and routine exams in pediatrics, surgery and genitourinary room.

HEA 375   Radiologic Technology Future Perspectives and Professional Review (1). 

Prerequisite:  Admission to Radiologic Technology Option - CRT.

Explores the future of the radiologic technology profession from a technological, as well as professional perspective and coordinates study of current issues, theories and techniques related to special radiologic procedures, sub-specialties, and departmental and administrative procedures, and senior research topics. 

HEA 380   Darkroom Chemistry
and Techniques (1).

Prerequisite:  Admission to the Radiologic Technology Option.

Darkroom construction, hand and automatic processing, film artifacts, processing aspects, and prevention.  Quality control and darkroom chemistry. 

HEA 381   Patient Care Procedures Related to Radiology (2).

Prerequisite:  Admission to the Radiologic Technology Option.

Introduction to fundamental patient care procedures and principles in radiology departments: patient care/handling, body mechanics, aseptic technique, emergency procedures and use/care support equipment in preparation for patient contact. 

HEA 382   Principles of
Radiographic Exposure (3).

Prerequisite:  Admission to the Radiologic Technology Option.

Basic radiographic principles: image formation, intensifying screens, factors affecting quality, calibration, equipment design/function, filters, electromagnetic radiation and exposure factors.  Teaches mechanics of performing examinations. 

HEA 383   Common Radiographic Procedures Using
Contrast Media (2).

Prerequisite:  Admission to the Radiologic Technology Option.

Positioning and exposure techniques for contrast studies (esophograms, barium enemas, etc.) fluoroscopic techniques. Introduction to the uses, contraindications, and pharmacology of contrast media. 

HEA 384   Topographical Anatomy
& Positioning I (3).

Prerequisite:  Admission to the Radiologic Technology Option.

Introduces topographic anatomy and positioning procedures necessary to produce diagnostic radiographs of the entire body (except  the skull).  Exposure control techniques and exam indications. 

HEA 385   Radiation Protection (3).

Prerequisite:  Admission to the Radiologic Technology Option.

Principles of radiation safety, biological effects, x-ray production, and radiation detection devices. Emphasis on federal and state regulations.

HEA 387   Clinical Practicum II (3).

Prerequisite:  Admission to the Radiologic Technology Option.

Supervised rotations through routine diagnostic rooms.  Perform radiologic examinations on patients under direct supervision of a technologist.  These  will include x-rays and film critiques of the thoracic and appendicular skeleton.  Rotation through emergency rooms, orthopedics, and portable radiography.  Practicum 580 hours.

HEA 388   Clinical Practicum III (3).

Prerequisite:  Admission to the Radiologic Technology Option.

Supervised rotation through routine radiographic/fluoroscopic rooms, including surgery.  Perform routine diagnostic examinations (except skull), fluoroscopic and intra-operative exams.  Weekend rotations begin.  Film critiques.  Practicum 580 hours.

HEA 395   Special Topics in Health Science (1-3).

Prerequisite:  Consent of instructor.

Study of a topic of interest to students pursuing a career in the health professions.  Topic will vary as announced.  One to three hours of lecture per week.

HEA 440   Upper Limb Orthotics
(2).

Prerequisite:  HEA 242.

Evaluation, prescription recommendations, orthoses measurement, fabrication and fitting.  Anatomy, biomechanics, and motor disability of upper limb orthotics.  Special attention to deformity control, tissue protection, restored function. Fabrication and fitting of basic static hand and wrist-hand orthoses (including wrist-driven and external-power).  One hour of lecture and two hours of activity per week.  Fee required.

HEA 442   Lower Limb Orthotics III    
(1-2).

Prerequisite:  HEA 342.

Advanced topics; ankle, knee and hip treatments related to Spina Bifida, Cerebral Palsey, brain injury, stroke, polio and other motor disabilities.  Lower limb biomechanics, gait analysis and material science.  Lectures on rotational control, tone reduction and specific application for children.  Fee required.

HEA 444   Spinal Orthotics II  (2).

Prerequisite:  HEA 344

Treatment of scoliosis, kyphosis and cervical spine fractures. Patient evaluation, prescription recommendation, hospital protocol, orthoses measurement, fabrication and fitting.  Spinal biomechanics and motor disability.  Fabrication and/or fitting of Boston type jacket, Milwaukee brace, Minerva and halo orthosis.  One of hour of lecture and 2 hours of activity per week. Fee required.

HEA 450   Upper Limb Prosthetics                       (3).

Prerequisite:  HEA 354.

Prescription, casting, measurement, fabrication, alignment, harnessing and methods for evaluation of proper fit.  Principles of shoulder disarticulation prostheses.  Demonstration of myoelectric powered systems including identification of electrode sites, trouble-shooting, and prosthetic maintenance. Complete two below- and one above-elbow prostheses.  Two hours of lecture and two hours of activity per week.  Fee required.

HEA 452   Above Knee Prosthetics II
(3).

Prerequisite:  HEA 354.

Continuation of HEA 354.  Two hours of lecture and two hours of activity per week.  Fee required.

HEA 460   Community Health               Agencies (3).

Prerequisite:  HSC 201.

Examination and evaluation of state, federal, local and community health agencies and programs.  Survey and analyze community level drug, alcohol, communicable disease, and mental health problems and programs.  Students must demonstrate proficiency in the English language by successfully completing oral and written assignments. 

HEA 466   Environmental Health           Problems (3).

Prerequisite: HSC 201.

Impact of human activities on environmental quality and resulting environmental health problems, especially local issues, public and private responses to them.  Design, carry out, and analyze a study and prepare a written report of results.  Students must demonstrate proficiency in the English language by successfully completing oral and written assignments. 

HEA 468  Multicultural Health (3).

Prerequisite:  HEA 100 or equivalent.  SOC 101 and ANT 100 are recommended.

Study of social, cultural, psychological, and biological factors affecting the distribution of health, wellness, and illness in various ethnic, cultural, and racial groups.  Special attention is given to health issues of groups with special physical and mental health needs, including underserved and immigrant populations residing in California.  Graded A-C/NC. 

HEA 470   Legal Issues in the
Health Sciences (3).

Prerequisite: HSC 201.  

Examination of new legislation, exploration of various health law issues that impact hospitals, individuals and groups within
the health care sector; including informed consent, regulation/antitrust, licensure and credentialing, and medical ethics.  Students must demonstrate proficiency in the English language by successfully completing oral and written assignments. 

HEA 472   Survey of Health Care Finance (3).

Prerequisite: HSC 201.

Concepts and issues in financial management of health care organizations.  Use of tools for cost effective decision-making and learn to recognize and deal with financial components of decision-making in health care organizations.  Students must demonstrate proficiency in the English language by successfully completing oral and written assignments. 

HEA 474  Seminar in Health
Care Ethics (3). 

Prerequisites:  HSC 201;  HEA 470 and HEA 472 are recommended.

Intensive study of ethical issues raised in provision of health care and health care administration.  Current and historical arguments surrounding ethical issues will be discussed and analyzed.  Students will learn to recognize ethical dilemmas, apply ethical principles and resolve the dilemmas. 

HEA 480   Radiological Physics (2).

Prerequisite:  Admission to the Radiologic Technology Option.

Emphasis of health and safety on electric circuits, generators, x-ray circuits, x-ray physics. 

HEA 481   Topographic Anatomy
and Positioning II (3).

Prerequisite:  Admission to the Radiologic Technology Option.

Introduces topographic anatomy and positioning procedures necessary to produce diagnostic radiographs of the skull.  Exposure control techniques and exam indications included. 

HEA 482   Special Radiographic                             Procedures (2).

Prerequisite:  Admission to the Radiologic Technology Option or consent of instructor.

Radiographic anatomy and physiology, positioning, film evaluation and specialized equipment applying to highly technical exams (interventional radiography, tomography, CT and MRI).  Management
of acutely ill patients.  Fee required.

HEA 483   Sub-Specialties in Radiology (2).

Prerequisite:  Admission to the Radiologic Technology Option.