showing the extent of damage caused by Hurricane Andrew, August 22, 1992. This map was produced by Metro-Dade using ArcView, a sophisticated geographic information system developed by Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI). (Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. Collection) This is just a tidbit for those interested in learning "mapping" for use in community and agency cooperation, and in learning applications to criminal justice. We'll be presenting a Western Social Science Association (WSSA) paper on teaching GIS at the level of Introduction to Statistics. Be sure to stay in touch with jeanne if you want to be on the presentation panel.

Social Landscape of Los Angeles

Introduction and Download of Spatial Crime Analysis System

Public Access GIS: Berkely

Public Access GIS: Australia

Click on map for larger version on Australia site.

SDA Berkeley

Patas Arriba (Upside Down)
by Eduardo Galeano.

Notes and Translations.

Frontiers in Sociology

GIS Mapping:

• Position Papers: GIS and Society: The Social Implications of How People, Space, and Environment are Represented in GIS
• Geographic Information Systems as Social Practice
• Community Groups Need Equal Footing William J. Craig, Center for Urban & Regional Affairs, University of Minnesota
• GIS and Social Struggles in Southern Mexico, Oliver Raimund Froehling.

  "In this context, the importance of what counts as geographic information and how it is produced comes to the fore. A narrow definition of GIS in which only the analyst as the expert has the power to define the representation of issues limits local participation to circumscribed points in the production of geographic knowledge. On the other hand, if the definition is broadened to include systems of communications that convey and produce geographic information, the space is opened up for contesting representations in which marginalized movements can produce alternative versions to contest dominant representations."

  More on the Yanomami:

• The Fierce People: The wages of anthropological incorrectness. By John J. Miller, NR’s national political reporter.
  A conservative voice in evaluating the current Darkness in El Dorado controversy. Online.
• Darkness in El Dorado Conroversy Texas A&M University Anthropology Site. Online.

  Vocabulary

  • cultural alterity definition Submitted by Araceli Mark.
  • dominant discourse definition
  • Academic Discourse: On "Dominant Discourse"
    Submitted by Kiesha Cheatham. Online.

  jeanne's Grading Standards: Samples

  Online.

  Elections, 2000. Online.

Theory Class

• Review of Upside Down In Salon By Greg Villepique.
  Will try to give you page numbers for Villepique's references. Later. jeanne Online.

  Galeano makes many harsh statements about the "North," his term for the developed, industrial countries. Let's consider that approach in the same light in which we have considered Patrick Tierney's attack on the denial of human rights with the study of indigenous people, particularly the Yanomami. Galeano is making similar accusations against the "North." Why have Galeano's accusations created less furor? How does this relate to scapegoating? What does this suggest about righting injustice? Consider the importance of maintaining a route along which those accused may retreat and continue denial of the issues and any wrongs that might have ensued. If I, as a sociologist, can tsk, tsk at anthropolgists, I may be able to maintain my denial of any such wrongdoing on my part. Does this fit Fellman's adversarial/mutuality paradigm?

• Review of Why They Kill In Salon By JoAnn Gutin Online.
  Excellent review, highlighting the problem with individual experience. We will use this book next semester to discuss issues of dominant discourse in theory and how that discourse so often includes beliefs passed on by personal experience without the critical distance provided by theoretical analysis.

  How does Why They Kill illustrate both the constraints which silence and, at the same time, the need for collegial review? Consider that many of the cutting edge problems we are dealing with today, like adversarialism, like distributive injustice, like the privatizing of disciplinary authority are broad enough that we need more than one perspective to situate them, to examine their claims in good faith.

• Popper, Karl: The Growth of Human Knowledge: in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy:

  "For Popper accordingly, the growth of human knowledge proceeds from our problems and from our attempts to solve them. These attempts involve the formulation of theories which, if they are to explain anomalies which exist with respect to earlier theories, must go beyond existing knowledge and therefore require a leap of the imagination. For this reason, Popper places special emphasis on the role played by the independent creative imagination in the formulation of theory. . . . Popper stresses . . . [that] all observation-statements are theory-laden, and are as much a function of purely subjective factors (interests, expectations, wishes, etc.) as they are a function of what is objectively real."

  Online.

  Does Popper's "leap of imagination" sound like he might have been thinking along the lines of what we have been calling "the imaginary"?

• The Positive Aspects of Capitalism by TR Young.
• The Negative Aspects of Capitalism by TR Young.
• TR Young's whole grad series See lectures 034, 035, 036, 037, 038 on Marxist Theory.
  Thanks to Tyshae Jefferson for bringing this series to my attention. jeanne

  Just for Fun:

• On Laguage Acquisition "About the Controversy over the Source of Language: Instinct or Culture?" Notice how the theoretical argument crosses disciplines.

Distributive Justice Class

• Data of the Sixth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (1995 - 1997) Online.

• Public Justification in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. This article addresses the complex issue of justification or legitimacy in communal life:

  "Although John Rawls is the foremost exponent of the idea of public justification, its importance is also marked in the work of Jürgen Habermas . . . . There is considerable current interest in the question of how the ideal of public justification is to be properly articulated. Some theorists, such as Rawls, seem to read ‘reasonable from every individual’s point of view’ more or less ‘empirically’, whereas others, most notably Jerry Gaus, claim that this crucial phrase must be given a normatively-loaded reading."

  The problem in all this is that if we try to get a sense of what people think is justifiaable or legitimate, we run the risk of assuming that empirical reason will guide us, when in fact, much of what is decided is not "properly articulated," if we know even what that means. Gaus' suggestion that we go with "normative" expectations doesn't work either, because in the normative reading, there is no guarantee that the normative reading is properly articulated or well-reasoned.

  "'Resistance to reduction to consensus is also implied by Michel Foucault’s views on ‘normalization’; he says, for instance, that "The search for a form of morality acceptable to everyone ... seems catastrophic'. . . . people’s interests are irreconcilable and hence can be brought only by coercion into sufficient alignment to support a claim to public justification. The very demand for public justification is hence itself implicitly authoritarian."

  What role does "knowingness" play in all this? Can reasonable persons differ in their interpretation of an argument? Why do you suppose some of the appellate court standards suggest that the appellate court may not substitute its judgment for the judgment of the trier of fact? Given this, doesn't consensus imply coercion of the many by the few? And aren't we getting very close to dominance and imperialism at that point?

Statistics Class:

• Recognition and Recall: Crosstabs on SDA at Berkeley No need for SPSS. Online.
  
• Recognition and Recall: Frequencies on SDA at Berkeley No need for SPSS. Online.
  
• Recognition and Recall: Variables, Values, and Labels Online.
  
• Recognition and Recall: Recoding "chatt" Instructions only. Questions up later. jeanne Online.
  

  Review from last week:

• Reviewing SPSS Recoding "whypoor." Online.
• More Recoding Recoding education. Online.
• Interpreting SPSS Results Independent and Dependent Variables. (Typos, sorry.) Online.

  Advanced Material:

• Easy Access to the FBI's Supplementary Homicide Reports 1980-1998
• Uniform Crime Reports [United States]: Supplementary Homicide Reports, 1976-1997
• Homicides in Chicago, 1965-1995
• Homicide trends in the United States by James Alan Fox, BJS Visiting Fellow & Professor of Criminal Justice, Northeastern University and Marianne W. Zawitz, BJS Statistician .
• Murder and NonNegligent Manslaughter Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics

Love and Peace Class:

• Multiple Interpretations on Building Relationships based on Melissa Bank's The Girls' Guide to Hunting and Fishing

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