Invention of writing with need to keep records of planting and harvests, taxation and barter, in agricultural age; education limited to and elite. (Earlier focus on oral traditions--from elders, during hunting and gathering age)
Mass public education: similar standards for all, which was considered democratic; an educated middle class seen as foundation for a democrecratic society; traditional educational institutions have monopoly on learning.
Diversified educational models necessary to meet diverse needs of students of all ages and different racial, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds; lifetime learning necessary to keep updated in one's field, as technological and social changes escalate; retraining of industrial workers necessary; community and corporate learning centers in addition to traditional educational institutions; also distance learning, computer. multimedia/interactive educational packages, internet, and virtual reality as addtional tools for learning.