HUX 556 - Nobel Laureates

[Essay] [Assignment #6] [Selected Bibliography]


PABLO NERUDA (1904-1973) (Continued)

"Poetry," Neruda affirmed, "is an act of peace. Peace goes into the making of a poet as flour goes into the making of bread." Following in the steps of Walt Whitman - with whom he has often been compared - Neruda felt a sense of his own destiny toward and responsibility for chanting the spiritual and transcendental forces that soar beyond mundane, pedestrian life. Freedom was a basic theme. Thus, "The Poet's Obligation":

To whoever is not listening to the sea this
Friday morning, to whoever is cooped up in
house or office, factory or woman or street
or mine or dry prison cell, to him I come,
and without speaking or looking I arrive and
open the door of his prison.
The poet is, furthermore, universal and ubiquitous:
I know many may wonder
"What is Pablo doing?" I'm here.
If you look for me in this street
You'll find me with violin,
Prepared to break into song,
Prepared to die.
As Emerson once defined the craft, the poet is historian and prophet.

In 1924 Neruda's Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair established his reputation as an artist of sensuous beauty. From that point on, he endeavored to avoid the curse of poetic obscurity and to make conscious effort to reach ordinary people. His Canto General (1950), for instance, like Whitman's Leaves of Grass, is an uneven masterpiece, filled with rough, vigorous imagery in developing a highly personal, socio-political extravaganza which looks back in history and forward in time. A sense of the mystical and the transcendental surrounds Neruda's passionate verses; in Residence on Earth he moves occasionally into surrealism. For the most part though he is content to work with everyday language and experience while he examines congenital themes from traditional Romantic poetry: love, freedom, nature, and man's spiritual oneness with man and with the Universal Soul. He himself is the lonely, lyrical poet, like Whitman, the "solitary singer," whose Complete Works total some 1,500 poems written over a span of half a century.

Militant passion and the spirit of rebellion, personal and institutional, are frequently reflected in Neruda's poetic allegiances. Thinking of himself as "cosmically drunk," Pablo Neruda presents a lyrical overview of reverent optimism which emanates ironically, from his perception of mankind's modern alienation and desperation.

ASSIGNMENT #6:
Read:  Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair.

  1. Note some examples of how Neruda unifies his style with his love themes. His style tends to be "organic"; that is, the theme generates the form. Emerson put it this way: "It's not meters but the meter-making argument that makes a poem."*
  2. Does Neruda successfully avoid the trap of sentimentalism in his love poems? Note where he does as well as where you feel he does not.
  3. Define mysticism, and transcendentalism. Note these motifs in Neruda's poetry. Are there poems in the collection that illustrate these ideas? Find some.*
  4. What are Neruda's perceptions of love?  Of death?  Of humanity?*
  5. Are there allegorical poems in the collection?  Are there symbolic ones?  Is there a difference?*
  6. Note some of Neruda's major symbols:  the sea, music, the night, a jar, a hyacinth. Explain how he uses them.  There are many more. Analyze some.*
  7. Where does nature fit into Neruda's poetry.  Are there contrasts for it?
  8. Explain Neruda's attitude toward poetry. Are there any titles here that express or imply it?
  9. A general question: Do you attach any significance to the fact that Neruda, an acknowledged, strong Communist was named Laureate one year after the Solzhenitsyn-USSR controversy?
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY



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