Course Outline: MAT 003, 095
Updated
Sun Jan 22 10:09:00 PST 2006
Text
- Introductory and Intermediate Algebra Custom Edition for
CSUDH, by Lial, Hornsby, McGinnis. Addison Wesley. ISBN # 0536
86183. (Includes Algebra Review Cards and MathXL). MathXL is an
online homework, tutorial, and assessment system that is available
to students on the web at http://www.mathxl.com
- Supplementary Material on Units excerpted from Chapter 2. of the textbook
Using and Understanding Mathematics (3rd ed.) by Bennett and Briggs, published by Addison-Wesley, used with the publisher's permission. Your instructor will provide you with a user name and password so that you may download this copyrighted material.
Grading
MAT 003 (3 unit class, CR/NC grading)
- Quizzes, homework, attendance, class participation, etc. = 30
pts total
- Test 1 = 54 points (12 multiple choice problems @ 2pts ea, 6
show work @ 5 pts ea.)
- Test 2 = 54 points (12 multiple choice problems @ 2pts ea, 6
show work @ 5 pts ea.)
- Cumulative Final Exam = 90 pts (20 multiple choice problems @
2pts ea, 10 show work @ 5 pts ea.)
- Passing score: 160 points or more.
MAT 095 (1 unit class, CR/NC grading)
- Quizzes, homework, attendance, class participation, etc. = 15
pts total
- Cumulative Final Exam = 54 points (12 multiple choice problems
@ 2pts ea, 6 show work @ 5 pts ea.)
- Passing score: 49 points or more.
Tests and final exams are common for all sections. All decisions
regarding quizzes, homework, attendance, class participation, etc.
are made by the individual instructor.
Rubric for correcting show work problems:
- 2 pts for correct set-up
- 2 more pts for correct calculations, if set up is also
correct
- 1 more pt for correct units and clear presentation, etc., if
set-up and calculations are correct.
Discussion
This remedial math sequence focuses on preparing students to
succeed in MAT 105, MAT 131 and general education science classes.
Word problems are the most important focus of the course. It
consists of four components, MAT 003 part 1, 2, and 3, and MAT 095.
Each component lasts five weeks and ends with a common exam.
Instructors may add additional tests, homework, etc. as they see
fit.
Below are the sections that will be covered in the tests, and
some comments on them. Exam problems will be similar to exercises
that are listed, plus there will be some problems on the
supplementary material on units and conversions. (The exercise
lists are just for information. Instructors will choose for
themselves what to assign. They won't assign all these exercises,
there are too many.) I have tried to list here only what seems
essential for MAT 105, MAT 131, and required general ed. science
courses. Instructors may wish to supplement the material listed
here with material from other sections or sources if they feel this
will help the students. But I think we should assume students have
already seen all this stuff so we don't need to cover it all,
instead concentrate on concepts and things students are likely to
misunderstand or avoid, like word problems. Instructors will decide
for themselves how much time to spend on each topic but please
leave some time at the end for review for the exams.
In the course outlines below, a listing like "1.5 #33-68.
(signed numbers, difference, sum)" means that problems similar to
exercises 33-68 in section 1.5 may appear on the exams. The
comments at the end of the line describe the contents: signed
numbers, differences, and sums.
MAT 003 (part 1)
- Introduce supplementary material (see below) on units,
"combining like terms", addition and multiplication, conversion
from one unit to another. Within this context it should be easy to
review stuff like multiplication and division, addition and
subtraction of fractions, decimals, percents as in the review
sections R1, R2. Students will be required to keep track of units
and convert them (e.g. inches to feet) if necessary Focus on
problems, mainly word problems.
- 1.4 #55-74. Signed numbers, addition.
- 1.5 #44-68. Signed numbers, differences, sum.
- 1.6 #56-77. Translating sentences into equations with
variables.
- 1.7 #43-66. Distributive law. (Remind students that reordering
the terms in a sum or product doesn't change the result. Motivate
with simple pictures: adding lengths for sums, areas and volumes
for products.)
- 1.8 Simplifying Expressions. Mainly distributive law,
"combining like terms". p. 90 #1-5, p. 92 #37-50 (symbolic drill), #51-58
translating English into math (these exercises are pretty
artificial).
- Chapter 1 review. #All
- 2.1 p. 110 #1,2 pp. 111-112 #18-44 (symbolic drill: integer
linear equations).
- 2.2 p. 118 #35-52 (symbolic drill: linear equations w/ easy
fractions)
- 2.3 pp. 124-125 #19-48 (linear eqns with fractions and
decimals)
- 2.4 pp. 133-136 #5-40 linear equations, easy word
problems.
- 2.5 pp. 143-146 # All problems, mix of odd-even. Simple
formulas, word problems.
- Exam 1: end of 5th week. 1hr 15min. 12 multiple choice problems
+ 6 show your work problems.
MAT 003 (part 2)
- 2.6 pp. 153-156 #All problems. Ratio and Proportion and
Percent. Require students to keep track of units! Very
important.
- Chapter 2 review. #All.
- Cumulative Review (Chapter 1,2). #All.
- 3.1 pp. 179-182 #All. Graphing inequalities: one variable.
(simple stuff, doesn't need a lot of time.)
- 3.2 pp. 191-194. #All. Graphing "compound" inequalities: one
variable. (Simple stuff. Main point is to know the difference
between "and" and "or". Make sure they understand, don't let them
simply memorize, but don't spend much time on this. It comes up in
math 105 for instance when doing optimization with two-variable
functions.)
- Chap. 3 Review pp. 212 #1-3 pp. 213 #1-22, #27. pp. 216-220 #all problems that
don't use absolute value, especially word problems.
- 4.1 #All. Reading graphs. Include supplementary material as
needed (see the "Text" section above and the discussion below).
- 4.2 #All. Graphing linear equations. Insist that students label
axes correctly and put numerical scales on the axes.
- 4.3 Slope. #All.
- 4.4 Equations of lines. #All.
- 4.5 #All. Graphing inequalities in two variables. Used in MaT
105.
- Exam 2: end of 10th week. 1hr15min. 12 multiple choice problems
+ 6 show your work problems.
MAT 003 (part 3)
- 5.3 #All. Algebraic solution of systems of equations. Include
material from 5.1, 5.2 if necessary.
- 5.4 #1, 5, 6, 13, 21. Just a few so they get the idea.
- 5.5 #All. Systems of Linear Equations. Spend lots of time on
5.5 applications. Make them include units!!
- 6.3 #All. Multiplying polynomials. Use the distributive law:
vertical method is probably best (examples 2 and 3) because it
always works. "FOIL" stinks because it only works for binomials.
Review 6.1, 6.2 briefly if necessary.
- 6.5 #All. Integer exponents. Necessary if they are to
understand compound interest calculations.
- 6.7 #All. Dividing polynomials with long division. Skip 6.6;
just tell them always to use long division because it always
works.
- 6.8 #All, especially word problems. Scientific notation, so
they can understand GE chemistry and physics.
- 8.1, 8.2. In 8.1 #25-36, 49, 50, 53-56, 59-72, in 8.2 #33-47.
Cover these two sections together, very lightly, only problems that
are already factored. They just need to see that these procedures
are the same as are used with ordinary fractions. Don't emphasize
"least common denominator" since any common denominator will do.
Tell them to read chapter 7 if they like to factor things.
- 8.4 #15-25, 31, 32. Solving rational equations. Only do
problems where factorization is obvious.
- 8.5 #All. applications. Rate problems. Make them keep track of
units!!!!
- 8.6 #All. Direct and indirect variation. Make them keep track
of units!!!
- Cumulative Final Exam. 16th week, at regularly scheduled final
exam time. Includes material from all three parts of MAT 003. 2 hr.
20 multiple choice problems + 10 show your work problems.
MAT 095
- 10.3 #1-20. Solving quadratic equations using quadratic
formula. It might be a good idea to introduce some of the graphing
stuff from section 10.6 at this point (see below).
- 10.4 #1-26 especially word problems. "Equations quadratic in
form": rational functions that become quadratic.
- 7.7 #3-30. Applications of quadratic
equations. (Use quadratic formula).
- 10.5 #All. Applications of quadratic equations.
- 10.6, 10.7. In 10.6 #1, 2, 39-48, in 10.7 #19-36. Graphing
parabolas. Applications. I'd combine these sections and teach them
both together. You don't need to complete the square to get the
vertex, just use the quadratic formula. The parabola y=ax^2+bx+c
crosses the x axis at points where x=-b/2a plus or minus something
so obviously the graph is symmetric around the line x=-b/2a. If
somebody complains that the parabola might not cross the x axis at
all then just point out that by reducing c you can move the
parabola up or down without changing its axis of symmetry or the
quantity -b/2a, until it does cross the x axis.
- 9.1, 9.2. In 9.1 #13-16, 19-38, 51-80 (just tell them to use a
calculator -- these are all very easy with calculators). In 9.2
#19-45, 91, 92. Radical equations and graphs and rational
exponents. Combine these two sections and teach them how to use
their calculators to compute things like the seventh root of 6
cubed by using decimal exponents.
- 9.3 #87-90, 99, 100. Pythagorean theorem only (skip the rest)!
Show them a simple proof.
- 11.1 #9-20, 31-38. Inverse functions. Just enough to make it
possible to understand logarithms.
- 11.2 #5-22, 28. Exponential functions. Rely on
calculators.
- 11.3 #1-42, 53-56. Logarithmic functions. Rely on
calculators.
- 11.4 #5-16, 19-30. Properties of logarithms. (Lightly. It's
more important for them to know what a logarithm is than to
memorize all the formulas.)
- 11.5 #7-24, 28-43. Common and Natural Logarithmic functions. Do
the word problems!
- 11.6 #43-50, 57, 58. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations and
applications.
- Cumulative Final Exam in last class session of fifth week.
1hr15min. 12 multiple choice problems + 6 show your work
problems.
Supplementary Material on Units
This material is discussed in Chapter 2 of Bennett and Briggs' book Using and Understanding
Mathematics. Copies have been provided by our publisher, Addison
Wesley. See the "Text" section above .
Supplementary material on the use of units and dimensional
analysis should be integrated into the review material in chapter 1
while you're reviewing basic stuff like arithmetic with fractions
and mixed numbers, percents, etc. Tell students they should always
use units (feet, pounds, square inches, etc.) whenever they work
problems involving real objects, and this will be enforced by the
instructor. It will help them think and write clearly. Seven horses
is "7 horse" not "7" and the area of a rectangle 7 ft. wide by 3
ft. tall is 21 square ft., not 21. When you're counting it's
important to remember what you're counting!
Review the distributive law as in 3 horses + 4 horses = 7 horses
i.e. 3(horses)+4(horses)=(3+4)(horses); in this context it's
obvious, it's just counting. But 3 inches + 4 feet is not 7
(something???). Adding (and subtracting) "like terms" makes sense
but adding and subtracting "unlike terms" usually doesn't, unless
you first convert them into like terms. Example: adding feet and
inches, addition and subtraction of fractions with different
denominators. It's strange but true that multiplying or dividing
unlike quantities is easy (example: (3)(horse)=(3 horses),
fractions without common denominators (2/3)(4/5)=(2x4)/(3x5),
(men)(hours)=man-hours, (miles)/(hours)=miles per hour = speed, but
adding or subtracting them isn't easy unless you can convert them
to the same kind of thing (examples: to add 2/3 to 4/5 you have to
convert them to fifteenths, to add inches to feet you first convert
both to inches or feet), and often isn't possible and leads to
nonsense as in e.g. miles + hours. If they understand this they
should find the rules for fractions pretty natural.
Arithmetic with Mixed numbers. Adding things like 1'6"+3'8", or
combinations of hours and minutes: the key of course is to make you
convert to common units. (There are extra twists with clocks
because of mod 12). Make them pay attention to the order of
operations and parentheses. They should see that sums and products
can be reordered but differences or quotients can't (commutative
and associative law but this terminology isn't essential).
Teach them how to use dimensional analysis when they're
converting or combining units, and make sure they use it. Writing
down units explicitly will help them solve problems involving
ratios and conversions of one unit to another. They should be able
to solve problems like these:
- How many inches are there in 3 miles?
- If a man walks 3 miles per hour how many furlongs can he walk
in a fortnight (if he never stops)? (1 mile = 8 furlongs and 1
fortnight = 14 days). What is his speed in yards per day?
- How many gallons are there in a rectangular box that measures 3
ft. x 4 ft. x 5 ft. ? 1 US liquid gallon = 231 cubic inches.
- If your car gets 20 miles per gallon and gas costs 6.71 Mexican
pesos per liter then how much would it cost to buy enough gasoline
to drive from Tijuana to Guadalajara, a distance of 2344
kilometers? 1 US dollar = 11.331 Mexican pesos, 1 mile = 1609.344
meters, 1 gallon = 1.3785 liters (approximately).
You can find good sources on the web. Some are listed below.
[Please help me find some more!]
Make sure they understand what "=" means and you won't accept
incorrect usage. (Common error: students often write "=" when they
want to say "this is the next step" instead of "these things are
the same". Don't let them do that!). Make sure they understand the
meaning of "of" (multiply, as in 3 of those or half of that) and
"per" (divide, as in miles per hour). When multiplying and dividing
the units need not agree e.g. man-hours, miles per hour.
When students work word problems, always insist that they write
down the units and handle them correctly!! Also insist that they
show their work, use "=" correctly, write clearly and neatly, and
present their solutions in an organized way. This will help them
(and whoever reads their work) when things get complicated. We will
insist on correct usage when we grade the "show your work" problems
on exams.
Resources on the Web
Math XL
Math XL is an online homework, tutorial, and assessment system
that is bundled with our text. http://www.mathxl.com
Units:
I found those with google.
- This one has interesting historical notes: A Dictionary of
Units of Measurement http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/units/
- the universal currency converter http://www.xe.com/ucc/
- google "unit measurement":
http://www.ex.ac.uk/cimt/dictunit/dictunit.htm
- google "dimensional analysis":
http://www.chemistrycoach.com/use.htm
- google "calculator tutorial" provides links. It may be better
to go to manufacturer's website.
- scientific calculator exercises:
http://www.math.uncc.edu/~droyster/courses/spring96/maed3103/Lesson3_2.html
Graphs and Charts:
- bar graph:
http://cstl.syr.edu/fipse/TabBar/RevBar/REVBAR.HTM
Good word problems
These problems are at the middle school level, which is about
right for this class:
- NCTM middle school word problems
http://www.nctm.org/middle/archive.asp
- http://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Smap.htm "From
Stargazers to Starships" see
http://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Smath.htm "math refresher".
Has a nice short on history of algebra, more.
- 9th grade algebra proficiency test
http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/p_test/math_pro1.html